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Graham is a city in north central Texas. It is the county seat of Young County, and as of the 2010 Census had a population of 8,903.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 2010 US Census-Texas-Places-Graham )〕 ==History== The site was first settled in 1871 by brothers Gustavus A. and Edwin S. Graham, primary shareholders in the Texas Emigration and Land Company of Louisville, Kentucky. The brothers moved to Texas after the Civil War, and after buying in then-vast Young County, helped to revitalize the area, the population of which had become badly depleted during the war. During that same year as when Graham was settled, the Warren Wagon Train Raid occurred about 12 miles north of the city. In 1872 the Graham brothers purchased a local saltworks and established the town of Graham and set up the Graham Land Office. The saltworks was not a profitable venture as the salt was too expensive to ship and was closed in a few years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 GRAHAM, EDWIN SMITH / The Handbook of Texas Online/ Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) )〕 New families started to arrive, and the brothers began promoting the sale of homesites and doing civic improvements.〔 A post office opened in 1873, and after Young County reorganized the following year, Graham became the county seat. The town's newspaper, known as the ''Leader'' and still in existence today, was first printed in 1876, the same year that the first temporary courthouse was built. Other businesses from these early years included a gristmill, sawmill, cotton gin, a brick kiln, two hotels, and several stores.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Handbook of Texas Online - Graham, TX ) 〕 On February 15, 1877 the city was the site of the organizational meeting of the group that became the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association, created to police ranching and put a stop to cattle rustling. Founding officers included pioneer ranchers James C. Loving (son of Oliver Loving), Col. C. L. (Kit) Carter, and C.C. Slaughter. A three-story limestone courthouse was built in 1884, and it was replaced by a new courthouse in the early 1930s. The 1884 structure's east door still stands on the courthouse square. From 1879-1896, Graham was the seat of a Federal District Court overseen by Judge A.P. McCormick; his jurisdiction extended over all of Texas north and west to New Mexico.〔〔 Edwin Graham had married Addie Mary Kintner in 1865. They had five children. Throughout the 1870s they divided their time between Texas and their families back north, but in 1879, with the town flourishing, they moved their wives and children to Graham permanently. Edwin and Addie lived there until 1891, then moved to Spokane, Washington, where Edwin died on May 7, 1899. His body was brought back to Graham for burial. Addie moved back to Graham and became a leading civic booster and philanthropist. In 1921, with her son Malcolm, she set up the Graham Foundation as a continuing fund for the city's growth and improvement. Addie died in 1929〔Morrison Funeral Home records〕 and was responsible for the establishment of the Eden Home for the aged.〔 By 1900, Graham had incorporated as a town, and railroad service began in 1903, through the Wichita Falls and Southern Railroad, which in 1921 became the Wichita Falls and Southern Railroad, one of the Frank Kell and Joseph A. Kemp properties. It was later a stop on the since defunct Chicago, Rock Island and Texas, which reached Graham from Fort Worth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=H. Allen Anderson, "Wichita Falls and Southern Railroad" )〕 The population of Graham grew slowly until 1917, when oil was discovered nearby; the population tripled from 878 in 1900 to 2,544 in 1920. By 1966, Graham had seventeen churches, seven schools, a hospital, a radio station, two libraries, three parks, and two newspapers. The population peaked at 9,170 in 1980 and has since gradually declined; it was 8,716 at the 2000 census and 8,518 by the July 2007 estimate.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Graham, Texas (TX) Detailed Profile )〕 According to a mural on the courthouse depicting the arrival of the Graham brothers, the town square is physically the largest of any in the country.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Graham, Texas Chamber of Commerce )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Graham Texas Historic Graham and Graham Texas Hotels Motels )〕 Graham is also one of only a handful of towns in Texas that remains a Dry County and still has an operational drive-in theater.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Texas Drive-ins :-: TX ) and is a dry county!〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Graham, Texas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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